Soybeans

Soybeans is a high quality protein. It contains all the required fatty acids with adequate quantities to animals’ diet. Soy meal and oil extracted from Soy seeds contain good quantities of mineral nutrients.

Soybeans Products

Soybeans plant has many by-products – if used – considered of essential and beneficial elements in composing animal feeds as green thrones which could be preserved in form of hay or dried thrones, then gathered, cut, and used in form of straw mixed with seeds and meal as by products after oil extraction.
Locally, 15% of the annual yield seeds is used in food manufacturing for human beings. But the remaining 85% is used for oil and meal production since oil is hydrogenized in margarine manufacturing for human consumption. Whereas meal is used for composing ruminant livestock and poultry feed.

Soybeans meal qualities

The animals’ inability to digest protein is a significant quality as it leads to high level secretions of amino acids to satisfy animal needs from these components. It increases the benefit of microbial protein and both are absorbed with considerable amounts in animals’ intestines.
Experimental studies clarified the nutritional value to ruminant livestock from adding soybean meal (with low absorption) in different feeds in comparison to other meal.

When Soybean feeds were used for dairy ruminant livestock, the production of milk increased 15% with 13% fat and 5% protein in comparison to sunflower or corn gluten or cotton meal.

Seeds and soybeans meals are rich in nutrition with animals’ indigestion ability of protein when heated which is positively reflected on the production of animals.

When heated seeds or Soybeans meal were added in the feed’s content for lambs, the growth rate increased with (22-25%) as well as the efficacy of absorbing food for meat production in comparison to non-heated Soybeans feeds .

When using these feeds in feeding Friesian calves, the daily and total growth rate increased with (20 -30%) in comparison to non-heated seeds and soybeans feeds or cotton meal and sun-flower meal feeds.

When growing buffalo calves were fed on these feeds, the meat production increased with (20 -26%) and cost production per kilo decreased with (30 – 33%).

Based on this pattern, the daily production of dairy livestock (cows – buffalos) increased (8 – 10%) with the increase of milk production period to 12% as well as fat and protein rates of this milk.

The soybeans have high efficacy when mixed with other feeds’ nutrients as in (molasses – tafla) in comparison to different meal feeds such as (canola, sesame, flaxseeds, cotton, sunflower).
It was noticed:

  • an increase in daily growth from (740 to 880 gm) with (19%) and a decrease in the required duration for reaching the market weight with (8%), when cross-bred cow calves fed on heated soybean meal mixed with molasses, as well as a (15%) decrease in the cost of production per kilo in comparison to meal contained feeds in (canola and cotton) mixed with molasses.
  • an increase in daily growth rate from 110 gm for sunflower and flaxseeds feeds to 125 gm for soybeans feeds with 14% increase as well as the efficacy of food absorption for meat production with 12%. When Soybeans feed mixed with molasses and tafla for feeding lambs in comparison to sunflower and flaxseeds meals with the latter additives.

Soybeans farming is important in obtaining high protein crop from each feddan, besides the qualities of benefiting from seeds in human feeding and the use of by-products in livestock feeding. Henceforth, you have to pay due attention to the usage of best methods of harvesting, storage, and distribution of these seeds as well as the good use of these products. It’s better to harvest the seeds at a moisture rate of (13 -15%), then to be ventilated, and stored in a cool and clean place as it could be stored for 18 months at a moisture rate of 12%. However, at a rate of 8% it could be stored for 3 years.

 

It is economically viable for breeders to rationalize the usage of soybeans seeds, and its by-products from meals, thrones, and hay mixed with livestock feeds.